kurdistan iracheno cartina

1925. aastal väisas Põhja-Iraaki Rahvasteliidu mõjukas uurimiskomisjon, mida juhatas kindral Johan Laidoner. [5][6] Much of the geographical and cultural region of Iraqi Kurdistan is part of the Kurdistan Region (KRI), an autonomous region recognized by the Constitution of Iraq. Duhok has the hottest summers in the region, with highs averaging around 42 °C (108 °F). Kurdistan iracheno, il racconto di Maria (Emergency) dai falegnami di Sulaimaniya - OnuItalia Onuitalia - 2019-07-04 14:25 14. The League of Nations granted France mandates over Syria and Lebanon and granted the United Kingdom mandates over Palestine (which then consisted of two autonomous regions: Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan) and what was to become Iraq. In 1978 and 1979, 600 Kurdish villages were burned down and around 200,000 Kurds were deported to the other parts of the country. [46] Despite this, the Iraqi government embarked on an Arabization program in the oil rich regions of Kirkuk and Khanaqin in the same period.[47]. Kurdistan is not a country, but the map of the Kurdish region includes the geographical region in the Middle East wherein the Kurdish people have historically established a prominent population and unified cultural identity. While Kurdistan is known for its strong cultural unity, Kurdistan is home to numerous languages, religions and political factions. For the autonomous entity, see, Second Kurdish Iraqi War Algiers Agreement, The Edinburgh encyclopaedia, conducted by D. Brewster—Page 511, Original from Oxford University—published 1830, An Account of the State of Roman-Catholick Religion, Sir Richard Steele, Published 1715. Due to the summers being less extreme, thousands of tourists from the hotter parts of Iraq come to visit the region in that season.[17]. After 1996, 13% of the Iraqi oil sales were allocated for Iraqi Kurdistan and this led to relative prosperity in the region. The region became a center of the Assyrian Church of the East and a flourishing Syriac literary tradition during Sassanid rule.[36][37][38]. [61] In return, the Kurds under KDP enabled Saddam to establish an oil smuggling route through territory controlled by the KDP, with the active involvement of senior Barzani family members. Due to Qasim's profound distrust of the Iraqi Army, which he purposely failed to adequately arm (in fact, Qasim implemented a policy of ammunition rationing), Qasim's government was not able to subdue the insurrection. Nel Kurdistan iraniano sgorgano i quattro fiumi principali e il lago Urmia, con una superficie di circa 5.500 kmq e diverse dighe per la produzione di energia idroelettrica. Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish populations are recognized in both Iraq and Iran, as the Kurds in northern Iraq have successfully established their own autonomous government (the Kurdistan Regional Government), and the Kurds in Iran primarily inhabit the Iranian province of Kordestan. [52] In 1978 and 1979, 600 Kurdish villages were burned down and around 200,000 Kurds were deported to the other parts of the country. Maeci. The region was conquered by Arab Muslims in the mid 7th century AD as the invading forces conquered the Sassanian Empire, while Assyria was dissolved as a geo-political entity (although Assyrians remain in the area to this day), and the area made part of the Muslim Arab Rashidun, Umayyad, and later the Abbasid Caliphates, before becoming part of various Iranian, Turkic, and Mongol emirates. By uploading your photo and comments you're agreeing to our terms of service. The region was host to the Jarmo culture circa 7000 BC. It is also argued that the Oil-for-Food Programme from 1997 onward had an important effect on cessation of hostilities. Bloody clashes between Iraqi forces and Kurdish troops continued and, after an uneasy and shaky balance of power was reached, the Iraqi government fully withdrew its military and other personnel from the region in October 1991 allowing Iraqi Kurdistan to function de facto independently. The largest lake in the region is Lake Dukan. [59] Relations between the PUK and the KDP started to become dangerously strained from September 1993 after rounds of amalgamations occurred between parties. Annual Weather Averages in Mosul. The first wave of the plan was carried out in 1982 when 8,000 Barzanis were arrested and their remains were returned to Kurdistan in 2008. Praegu jääb Türgi, Iraagi, Iraani ja Süüria aladele. There is provision for Governorates to create, join or leave Regions. [51], The Ba'athist government of Iraq forcibly displaced and culturally Arabized minorities (Kurds, Yezidis, Assyrians, Shabaks, Armenians, Turkmen, Mandeans), in line with settler colonialist policies, from the 1960s to the early 2000s, in order to shift the demographics of North Iraq towards Arab domination. At the same time, Iraq imposed an economic blockade over the region, reducing its oil and food supplies. During the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive, Iraqi Kurdistan seized the city of Kirkuk and the surrounding area, as well as most of the disputed territories in Northern Iraq. 4-set-2017 - Esplora la bacheca "Erbil Citadel" di su Pinterest. The history of the the Kurdish people in Iraqi Kurdistan dates back to ancient times. Southern Kurdistan is largely mountainous, with the highest point being a 3,611 m (11,847 ft) point known locally as Cheekha Dar ("black tent"). The Kurds, an ethnic group numbering around 30 million people, is widely recognized to be the largest stateless national group in the world. Kurdystan (arab. On 1 July 2014, Masoud Barzani announced that "Iraq's Kurds will hold an independence referendum within months. Student Transportation Activity, October 2017, Domiz camp, Dahuk, Kurdistan Region - Iraq. About ISPI - Work with us - Experts - Contact - For Media- Privacy. In 1922, Britain restored Shaikh Mahmud to power, hoping that he would organize the Kurds to act as a buffer against the Turks, who had territorial claims over Mosul and Kirkuk. Winters, however, are dramatically cooler than the rest of Iraq, with highs averaging between 9 °C (48 °F) and 11 °C (52 °F) and with lows hovering around 3 °C (37 °F) in some areas and freezing in others, dipping to −2 °C (28 °F) and 0 °C (32 °F) on average. Others surrendered en masse and the rebellion ended after a few days. The earliest neolithic site in Kurdistan is at Tell Hassuna, the centre of the Hassuna culture, circa 6000 BC. By 1927, the Barzani clan had become vocal supporters of Kurdish rights in Iraq. The Tigris river enters Iraqi Kurdistan from Turkish Kurdistan. The plan also gave Kurds representation in government bodies, to be implemented in four years. L'autonomia del Kurdistan iracheno. [32][33][34][35] Later, the region was incorporated by the Romans as the Roman Assyria province but shortly retaken by the Sassanids who established the Satrap of Assuristan (Sassanid Assyria) in it until the Arab Islamic conquest. During the Iran–Iraq War, the Iraqi government again implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a de facto civil war broke out. Il Kurdistan iracheno, ufficialmente Regione del Kurdistan, (in curdo: Herêma Kurdistanê), è un'entità federale autonoma nella parte settentrionale dell'Iraq che comprende i quattro governatorati a maggioranza curda di Dahuk (Dihok), Erbil (Hewlêr), Halabja (Helebce) e Sulaymaniyya (Silêmanî). 77 likes. It recognized both the Kurdistan Region and all laws passed by the KRG since 1992. [77], The 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum took place on September 25, with 92.73% voting in favor of independence. [66], In September 2012, the Iraqi government ordered the KRG to transfer its powers over the Peshmerga to the central government. [48] By 1974, the Iraqi government retaliated with a new offensive against the Kurds and pushed them close to the border with Iran. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq, forcibly displaced and culturally Arabized, United Nations Security Council Resolution 688, 2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum, "عێراقی دوای سەددام و چارەنووسی باشووری کوردستان". The mountainous nature of Iraqi Kurdistan, the difference of temperatures in its various parts, and its wealth of waters make it a land of agriculture and tourism. [29] The Assyrians ruled the region from the 21st century BC. Among their neighbours, the Kurdish culture is closest to Persian culture. Kurdistan. The region was inhabited by the northern branch of the Gutian/Hurrians around 2400 BC. The Baath party under Saddam Hussein engaged in active expulsion of minorities from the mid-1970s onwards. By February 1961, Barzani had successfully defeated the pro-government forces and consolidated his position as leader of the Kurds. [30][31], The region fell to Alexander The Great in 332 BC and was thereafter ruled by the Greek Seleucid Empire until the middle of the second century BC (and was renamed Syria, a Greek corruption of Assyria), when it fell to Mithridates I of Parthia. (2013). The taxation of this trade at the crossing point between Saddam's territory and Kurdish controlled territory and then into Turkey, along with associated service revenue, meant that whoever controlled Dohuk and Zakho had the potential to earn several million dollars a week. Viaggio nel Kurdistan iracheno. The region is mountainous, and the borders that were drawn after WWI reflected divisions along these mountain lines. Kurdistan is a geo-cultural region wherein the Kurds have historically formed a prominent majority population, and Kurdish culture, language, and national identity have historically been based. [71], In September, Kurdish leaders decided to postpone the referendum so as to focus on the fight against ISIL. Eva Savelsberg, Siamend Hajo, Irene Dulz. [67] CNN reported that two people were killed (one of them an Iraqi soldier) and ten wounded in clashes at the Tuz Khurmato town. Date: 11/28/2016. In November 1963, after considerable infighting amongst the civilian and military wings of the Ba'athists, they were ousted by Abdul Salam Arif in a coup. Al-Sheikhly, O.F. It is one of the four parts of Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). Following the unexpected death of Arif, whereupon he was replaced by his brother, Abdul Rahman Arif, the Iraqi government launched a last-ditch effort to defeat the Kurds. The severe economic hardships caused by the embargoes fueled tensions between the two dominant political parties, the KDP and the PUK, over control of trade routes and resources. Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان ,Rojhilatê Kurdistanê ‎) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds.Geographically, it includes the West Azerbaijan Province, Kurdistan Province, Kermanshah Province, Ilam Province and parts of Lorestan Province. Arab settlement programs reached their peak during the late 1970s, in line with depopulation efforts of the Ba'athist regime. Relations became further strained by the formation of a new command center (Tigris Operation Command) for Iraqi forces to operate in a disputed area over which both Baghdad and the Kurdistan Regional Government claim jurisdiction. The Baathist policies motivating those events are sometimes referred to as "internal colonialism",[53] described by Dr. Francis Kofi Abiew as a "Colonial 'Arabization'" program, including large-scale Kurdish deportations and forced Arab settlement in the region.[54]. In 1929, the Barzani demanded the formation of a Kurdish province in northern Iraq. [67] On 16 November 2012 a military clash between the Iraqi forces and the Peshmerga resulted in one person killed. "Iraq's Marshes Show Progress toward Recovery", "Climate: Arbil – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table", "Erbil Weather Forecast and Climate Information", "Introduction : GENOCIDE IN IRAQ: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Human Rights Watch Report, 1993)", "Page 9 – The Internally Displaced People of Iraq", "Death Clouds: Saddam Hussein's Chemical War Against the Kurds", "Human Rights Watch Report About Anfal Campaign, 1993", "Iraqi Kurdistan: contours of a post-civil war society", "Kurds Reluctant to Send Troops to Baghdad", "Iraqi Kurdish leader says region will defend itself", "Two dead, 10 wounded after Iraqi, Kurdish forces clash in northern Iraq –, "Kurdish Leader: We Will Vote For Independence Soon", "The tide is finally turning for the Kurds – Especially in Turkey", "Tensions mount between Baghdad and Kurdish region as Kurds seize oil fields", "Kurdish leaders are postponing plans for a referendum on independence and say they instead will devote their efforts to forging a new Iraqi government", "House Republican Wants To Work Around Baghdad, Arm the Kurds", "BBC News – Iraq conflict: Why Irbil matters", "Barzani: Time is ripe for referendum; Kurdish independence brings the region peace", "Barzani: Kurdistan will hold referendum before October", "Kurdistan will hold independence referendum in 2017, senior official", "Massive 'yes' vote in Iraqi Kurd independence referendum", "Iraqi forces seize oil city Kirkuk from Kurds in bold advance", "Iraq's Kurdistan says to respect court decision banning secession", Kurdistan’s Politicized Society Confronts a Sultanistic System (Carnegie Paper), Two-state solution (Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_Kurdistan&oldid=992975456, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Kurdish-language text, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 03:21. Iraq – Iraqi Kurdistan: Italian archaeologists discover a 20,000 year old lake. کردستان – Kurdistān, kurd. [12][13], Animals found in the region include the Syrian brown bear, wild boar, gray wolf, golden jackal, Indian crested porcupine, red fox, goitered gazelle, Eurasian otter, striped hyena, Persian fallow deer, onager, mangar and the Euphrates softshell turtle. إقليم كردستان – Iqlīmi Kurdistān, kurd. This article is about the Kurdish region of Iraq. During World War II, the power vacuum in Iraq was exploited by the Kurdish tribes and under the leadership of Mustafa Barzani a rebellion broke out in the north, effectively gaining control of Kurdish areas until 1945, when Iraqis could once again subdue the Kurds with British support. [51], The campaigns took place during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, being largely motivated by the Kurdish–Arab ethnic and political conflict. As a result, the Iraqi government extended its control over the northern region after 15 years and in order to secure its influence, started an Arabization program by moving Arabs to the vicinity of oil fields in northern Iraq, particularly those around Kirkuk, and other regions, which were populated by Kurds. The Al-Anfal Campaign constituted a systematic genocide of the Kurdish people in Iraq. Iraqi Kurdistan Kurdistan refers to portions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, however only the Iraqi region of Kurdistan is discussed here. United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 gave birth to a safe haven following international concern for the safety of Kurdish refugees. [63], Iraqi Kurds played an important role in the Iraq War. "region of Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. Select from premium Kurdistan Iracheno of the highest quality. The suffix -stan (Persian: ـستان‎, translit. [7], The exact origins of the name Kurd are unclear. Qasim ignored the Kurdish demands and continued his planning for war. Prior to the rule of king Ushpia circa 2030 BC, the city of Ashur appears to have been a regional administrative center of the Akkadian Empire, implicated by Nuzi tablets,[26] subject to their fellow Akkadian Sargon and his successors.[27]. Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan[1] (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان ,Başûrê Kurdistanê‎,[2][3][4]) is the part of Kurdistan in northern Iraq. La remedial secession e la earned sovereignty: il caso del Kurdistan iracheno. [78] This triggered a military operation in which the Iraqi government retook control of Kirkuk and surrounding areas,[79] and forced the KRG to annul the referendum.[80]. L'origine della questione curda e l'applicabilità del diritto all'autodeterminazione. [8][9] One of the ancient names of Kurdistan is Corduene.[10][11]. Media in category "Maps of Iraqi Kurdistan" The following 55 files are in this category, out of 55 total. Dispacci dal fronte iracheno book. In the following years, Baghdad government overcame its internal divisions and concluded a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union in April 1972 and ended its isolation within the Arab world. Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula were eventually taken over by Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Tensions marked a high stage in late February 2008 when Turkey unilaterally took military action against the PKK which at times uses the northern Iraq region as a base for militant activities against Turkey. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. xxIII. Find the perfect Kurdistan Iracheno stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Marc. stân) is Persian for region. However, defiant to the British, in 1922 Shaikh Mahmoud declared a Kurdish Kingdom with himself as king. Later he moved to the Soviet Union after the collapse of the Republic of Mahabad in 1946.[42][43]. La regione confina con l'Iran a Est, con la Turchia a Nord, con la Siria a Ovest. Did we miss something? Unfortunately, the Kurds called these mountains home, and many Kurds were forced to relocate away from the borders. Kurdistan on ajalooline kurdide asuala Lääne-Aasias. [58] Elections held in June 1992 produced an inconclusive outcome, with the assembly divided almost equally between the two main parties and their allies. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from the various ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society, but primarily Iranian. The second and more extensive and widespread wave began from March 29, 1987 until April 23, 1989, when the Iraqi army under the command of Saddam Hussein & Ali Hassan al-Majid carried out a genocidal campaign against the Kurds, characterized by the following human rights violations: The widespread use of chemical weapons, the wholesale destruction of some 2,000 villages, and slaughter of around 50,000 rural Kurds, by the most conservative estimates. The desert in the south is mostly steppe and would feature xeric plants such as palm trees, tamarix, date palm, fraxinus, poa, white wormwood and chenopodiaceae. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36°55′N 44°2′E / 36.917°N 44.033°E / 36.917; 44.033. Sep 18 (743 news) Rojname Trends . În Kurdistan investesc guvernul irakian, guvernul turc și alți 40 de investitori străini. One of the major Assyrian cities in the area, Erbil (Arba-Ilu), was noted for its distinctive cult of Ishtar,[28] and the city was called "the Lady of Ishtar" by its Assyrian inhabitants. Meanwhile, in June 1961, the KDP issued a detailed ultimatum to Qasim outlining Kurdish grievances and demanded rectification. Dal campo profughi di Erbil alla prima linea del fronte a pochi kilometri dal Califfato, i nostri reporter raccontano l'avanzata dell'Isis nel Kurdistan… Reportage dal Kurdistan iracheno on Vimeo Join [73], In August 2014, the US began a campaign of airstrikes in Iraq, in part to protect Kurdish areas such as Erbil from the militants. Since the downfall of the regime of Saddam Hussein, the relations between the KRG and Turkey have been in flux. Assyrian kings are attested from the 23rd century BC according to the Assyrian King List, and Assyrian city-states such as Ashur and Ekallatum started appearing in the region from the mid-21st century BC. [49] The agreement left the Kurds helpless and Tehran cut supplies to the Kurdish movement. This melting pot of ethnicities, languages, religions and political factions is due to the large area that the Kurds inhabit. 1قەزای سلێمانی.jpg 4,135 × 5,849; 1.01 MB The map was built with Google Maps and highlights cities that have historically been inhabited by large Kurdish populations. Tensions between Iraqi Kurdistan and the central Iraqi government mounted through 2011–2012 on the issues of power sharing, oil production and territorial control. [81] Other peoples such as Arabs, Assyrians, Armenians, Shabaks and Mandeans have their own distinctive cultures. Visualizza altre idee su kurdistan, iraq, pianificazione urbana. Ammianus Marcellinus, another fourth-century writer. It took two years for the British to bring Kurdish areas into submission, while Shaikh Mahmud found refuge in an unknown location. Annual rainfall differs across Iraqi Kurdistan, with some places seeing rainfall as low as 500 millimetres (20 in) in Erbil to as high as 900 millimetres (35 in) in places like Amadiya. This can be partly attributed to the internal power struggle in Baghdad and also tensions with Iran. Things began to change after the 1991 uprising against Saddam Hussein at the end of the Persian Gulf War. In 1973, the US made a secret agreement with the Shah of Iran to begin covertly funding Kurdish rebels against Baghdad through the Central Intelligence Agency and in collaboration with the Mossad, both of which would be active in the country through the launch of the Iraqi invasion and into the present. N. Maxoudian, "Early Armenia as an Empire: The Career of Tigranes III, 95–55 BC", Village on the Euphrates: From Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra, by A.M.T Moore, G.C. On the other hand, Kurds remained dependent on the Iranian military support and could do little to strengthen their forces. Under pressure from the Iraqi government and the British, the most influential leader of the clan, Mustafa Barzani was forced into exile in Iran in 1945. Click each marker to explore the region, view pictures, and learn more. Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan (Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان ,Başûrê Kurdistanê ‎,) is the part of Kurdistan in northern Iraq.It is one of the four parts of Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan). The Status of the Iraq Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli Hayman 1956 and Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758 in Iraq. Kurdistan (/ ˌ k ɜːr d ɪ ˈ s t æ n, ˈ s t ɑː n /; Kurdish: Kurdistan ,کوردستان ‎ [ˌkʊɾdɪˈstɑːn] (); lit.

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